The working principle of a drilling and tapping machine is based on three mechanisms: sequential linkage, torque coordination, and controllable stroke. First, in the drilling stage, the spindle drives the drill bit to rotate at high speed and feed axially along a set feed rate. Material is removed by the cutting action of the drill bit's cutting edge, forming a cylindrical through hole or blind hole. When the drilling depth reaches the preset value, the control system automatically triggers a tool change or mode switching action-some models use a dual-spindle structure, with the drilling spindle and tapping spindle operating independently; more common models use an internal clutch mechanism or servo reversing device to switch the spindle from a high-speed, low-torque state to a low-speed, high-torque state, simultaneously changing or switching to the tap.
En la etapa de roscado, el husillo gira y se mueve axialmente sincrónicamente a una velocidad que coincide con precisión con el paso y la velocidad de avance, lo que hace que el macho corte una rosca interna estándar a lo largo de una trayectoria helicoidal dentro del orificio perforado.
A lo largo del proceso, el ángulo de rotación del husillo, el desplazamiento de alimentación y la retroalimentación del par están estrictamente acoplados para garantizar un perfil de rosca completo, un paso preciso y una superficie lisa.
